1 00:00:41,570 --> 00:00:45,710 NASA the National aerospace plane will 2 00:00:45,710 --> 00:00:45,720 NASA the National aerospace plane will 3 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:48,680 NASA the National aerospace plane will launch horizontally fly directly into 4 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:48,690 launch horizontally fly directly into 5 00:00:48,690 --> 00:00:51,650 launch horizontally fly directly into space complete its mission and land 6 00:00:51,650 --> 00:00:51,660 space complete its mission and land 7 00:00:51,660 --> 00:00:55,360 space complete its mission and land horizontally like the Space Shuttle 8 00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:55,370 horizontally like the Space Shuttle 9 00:00:55,370 --> 00:00:58,270 horizontally like the Space Shuttle advanced air-breathing ramjet scramjet 10 00:00:58,270 --> 00:00:58,280 advanced air-breathing ramjet scramjet 11 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:01,219 advanced air-breathing ramjet scramjet engines being developed by a national 12 00:01:01,219 --> 00:01:01,229 engines being developed by a national 13 00:01:01,229 --> 00:01:04,369 engines being developed by a national team led by NASA and the Air Force will 14 00:01:04,369 --> 00:01:04,379 team led by NASA and the Air Force will 15 00:01:04,379 --> 00:01:07,670 team led by NASA and the Air Force will allow NASA to fly at up to 25 times the 16 00:01:07,670 --> 00:01:07,680 allow NASA to fly at up to 25 times the 17 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:12,020 allow NASA to fly at up to 25 times the speed of sound because significant heat 18 00:01:12,020 --> 00:01:12,030 speed of sound because significant heat 19 00:01:12,030 --> 00:01:13,850 speed of sound because significant heat will be generated by the NASP s-- 20 00:01:13,850 --> 00:01:13,860 will be generated by the NASP s-- 21 00:01:13,860 --> 00:01:17,060 will be generated by the NASP s-- tremendous speeds advanced engine and 22 00:01:17,060 --> 00:01:17,070 tremendous speeds advanced engine and 23 00:01:17,070 --> 00:01:20,680 tremendous speeds advanced engine and engine seal designs are necessary 24 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:20,690 engine seal designs are necessary 25 00:01:20,690 --> 00:01:23,570 engine seal designs are necessary unlike rocket engines that carry large 26 00:01:23,570 --> 00:01:23,580 unlike rocket engines that carry large 27 00:01:23,580 --> 00:01:26,359 unlike rocket engines that carry large heavy oxygen tanks the air-breathing 28 00:01:26,359 --> 00:01:26,369 heavy oxygen tanks the air-breathing 29 00:01:26,369 --> 00:01:29,149 heavy oxygen tanks the air-breathing engines under development for the NASP 30 00:01:29,149 --> 00:01:29,159 engines under development for the NASP 31 00:01:29,159 --> 00:01:31,870 engines under development for the NASP extract oxygen from the air 32 00:01:31,870 --> 00:01:31,880 extract oxygen from the air 33 00:01:31,880 --> 00:01:35,420 extract oxygen from the air these engines will efficiently scoop and 34 00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:35,430 these engines will efficiently scoop and 35 00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:38,120 these engines will efficiently scoop and compress air to burn with the hydrogen 36 00:01:38,120 --> 00:01:38,130 compress air to burn with the hydrogen 37 00:01:38,130 --> 00:01:41,930 compress air to burn with the hydrogen fuel temperatures in the engine reach 38 00:01:41,930 --> 00:01:41,940 fuel temperatures in the engine reach 39 00:01:41,940 --> 00:01:45,320 fuel temperatures in the engine reach over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit with 40 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:45,330 over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit with 41 00:01:45,330 --> 00:01:47,480 over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit with pressures exceeding a hundred pounds per 42 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:47,490 pressures exceeding a hundred pounds per 43 00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:52,040 pressures exceeding a hundred pounds per square inch to operate at speeds up to 44 00:01:52,040 --> 00:01:52,050 square inch to operate at speeds up to 45 00:01:52,050 --> 00:01:54,410 square inch to operate at speeds up to 25 times the speed of a bullet 46 00:01:54,410 --> 00:01:54,420 25 times the speed of a bullet 47 00:01:54,420 --> 00:01:57,050 25 times the speed of a bullet the NASP engine must meter the 48 00:01:57,050 --> 00:01:57,060 the NASP engine must meter the 49 00:01:57,060 --> 00:01:59,300 the NASP engine must meter the combustion flow going through the engine 50 00:01:59,300 --> 00:01:59,310 combustion flow going through the engine 51 00:01:59,310 --> 00:02:02,690 combustion flow going through the engine duct much like your car's fuel valves 52 00:02:02,690 --> 00:02:02,700 duct much like your car's fuel valves 53 00:02:02,700 --> 00:02:05,360 duct much like your car's fuel valves the articulating nozzle panels in the 54 00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:05,370 the articulating nozzle panels in the 55 00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:07,970 the articulating nozzle panels in the NASP engine will tailor the flow for 56 00:02:07,970 --> 00:02:07,980 NASP engine will tailor the flow for 57 00:02:07,980 --> 00:02:11,250 NASP engine will tailor the flow for maximum performance 58 00:02:11,250 --> 00:02:11,260 59 00:02:11,260 --> 00:02:14,280 to prevent the hot potentially explosive 60 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:14,290 to prevent the hot potentially explosive 61 00:02:14,290 --> 00:02:17,550 to prevent the hot potentially explosive combustion gases from escaping past the 62 00:02:17,550 --> 00:02:17,560 combustion gases from escaping past the 63 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:20,250 combustion gases from escaping past the panels high-temperature seals are 64 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:20,260 panels high-temperature seals are 65 00:02:20,260 --> 00:02:24,470 panels high-temperature seals are required around the panel's perimeters 66 00:02:24,470 --> 00:02:24,480 required around the panel's perimeters 67 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:27,300 required around the panel's perimeters these seals must withstand extreme 68 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:27,310 these seals must withstand extreme 69 00:02:27,310 --> 00:02:30,059 these seals must withstand extreme temperatures seal highly distorted 70 00:02:30,059 --> 00:02:30,069 temperatures seal highly distorted 71 00:02:30,069 --> 00:02:33,420 temperatures seal highly distorted sidewalls and resist abrasion over the 72 00:02:33,420 --> 00:02:33,430 sidewalls and resist abrasion over the 73 00:02:33,430 --> 00:02:37,259 sidewalls and resist abrasion over the life of the engine advance seal concepts 74 00:02:37,259 --> 00:02:37,269 life of the engine advance seal concepts 75 00:02:37,269 --> 00:02:39,569 life of the engine advance seal concepts are being developed at NASA's Lewis 76 00:02:39,569 --> 00:02:39,579 are being developed at NASA's Lewis 77 00:02:39,579 --> 00:02:42,960 are being developed at NASA's Lewis research center these seals are made of 78 00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:42,970 research center these seals are made of 79 00:02:42,970 --> 00:02:45,660 research center these seals are made of high-temperature ceramic materials able 80 00:02:45,660 --> 00:02:45,670 high-temperature ceramic materials able 81 00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:48,420 high-temperature ceramic materials able to operate at temperatures up to 2300 82 00:02:48,420 --> 00:02:48,430 to operate at temperatures up to 2300 83 00:02:48,430 --> 00:02:52,349 to operate at temperatures up to 2300 degrees Fahrenheit above this some form 84 00:02:52,349 --> 00:02:52,359 degrees Fahrenheit above this some form 85 00:02:52,359 --> 00:02:54,780 degrees Fahrenheit above this some form of active cooling must be employed to 86 00:02:54,780 --> 00:02:54,790 of active cooling must be employed to 87 00:02:54,790 --> 00:02:56,849 of active cooling must be employed to stay within the operational limits of 88 00:02:56,849 --> 00:02:56,859 stay within the operational limits of 89 00:02:56,859 --> 00:03:02,910 stay within the operational limits of the material one leading concept under 90 00:03:02,910 --> 00:03:02,920 the material one leading concept under 91 00:03:02,920 --> 00:03:05,280 the material one leading concept under development is the ceramic wafer seal 92 00:03:05,280 --> 00:03:05,290 development is the ceramic wafer seal 93 00:03:05,290 --> 00:03:08,069 development is the ceramic wafer seal which consists of multiple ceramic 94 00:03:08,069 --> 00:03:08,079 which consists of multiple ceramic 95 00:03:08,079 --> 00:03:10,770 which consists of multiple ceramic wafers mounted in a channel of the 96 00:03:10,770 --> 00:03:10,780 wafers mounted in a channel of the 97 00:03:10,780 --> 00:03:14,849 wafers mounted in a channel of the articulating engine panel the seal 98 00:03:14,849 --> 00:03:14,859 articulating engine panel the seal 99 00:03:14,859 --> 00:03:16,890 articulating engine panel the seal accommodates and seals the large 100 00:03:16,890 --> 00:03:16,900 accommodates and seals the large 101 00:03:16,900 --> 00:03:19,470 accommodates and seals the large sidewall distortions through relative 102 00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:19,480 sidewall distortions through relative 103 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,409 sidewall distortions through relative sliding of adjacent elements much like 104 00:03:22,409 --> 00:03:22,419 sliding of adjacent elements much like 105 00:03:22,419 --> 00:03:27,449 sliding of adjacent elements much like the behavior of a deck of cards another 106 00:03:27,449 --> 00:03:27,459 the behavior of a deck of cards another 107 00:03:27,459 --> 00:03:30,960 the behavior of a deck of cards another approach is the ceramic rope seal which 108 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:30,970 approach is the ceramic rope seal which 109 00:03:30,970 --> 00:03:32,400 approach is the ceramic rope seal which is braided out of high-temperature 110 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:32,410 is braided out of high-temperature 111 00:03:32,410 --> 00:03:36,000 is braided out of high-temperature ceramic fibers that maintain flexibility 112 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:36,010 ceramic fibers that maintain flexibility 113 00:03:36,010 --> 00:03:40,710 ceramic fibers that maintain flexibility at temperature both seals are preloaded 114 00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:40,720 at temperature both seals are preloaded 115 00:03:40,720 --> 00:03:43,379 at temperature both seals are preloaded against the adjacent walls by a series 116 00:03:43,379 --> 00:03:43,389 against the adjacent walls by a series 117 00:03:43,389 --> 00:03:46,740 against the adjacent walls by a series of spring-like bellows the hot 118 00:03:46,740 --> 00:03:46,750 of spring-like bellows the hot 119 00:03:46,750 --> 00:03:49,050 of spring-like bellows the hot performance of the two seals were 120 00:03:49,050 --> 00:03:49,060 performance of the two seals were 121 00:03:49,060 --> 00:03:51,449 performance of the two seals were measured at NASA Lewis using the 122 00:03:51,449 --> 00:03:51,459 measured at NASA Lewis using the 123 00:03:51,459 --> 00:03:54,030 measured at NASA Lewis using the specially designed test fixture 124 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:54,040 specially designed test fixture 125 00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:56,699 specially designed test fixture though one cannot see the seals in this 126 00:03:56,699 --> 00:03:56,709 though one cannot see the seals in this 127 00:03:56,709 --> 00:03:59,520 though one cannot see the seals in this picture the seals are mounted behind the 128 00:03:59,520 --> 00:03:59,530 picture the seals are mounted behind the 129 00:03:59,530 --> 00:04:04,080 picture the seals are mounted behind the front wall of the hot test rig tests 130 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:04,090 front wall of the hot test rig tests 131 00:04:04,090 --> 00:04:06,059 front wall of the hot test rig tests have shown that the ceramic wafer seal 132 00:04:06,059 --> 00:04:06,069 have shown that the ceramic wafer seal 133 00:04:06,069 --> 00:04:08,670 have shown that the ceramic wafer seal has very low leakage even at 134 00:04:08,670 --> 00:04:08,680 has very low leakage even at 135 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:11,069 has very low leakage even at temperatures exceeding 1,400 degrees 136 00:04:11,069 --> 00:04:11,079 temperatures exceeding 1,400 degrees 137 00:04:11,079 --> 00:04:15,000 temperatures exceeding 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit it seals both flat and 138 00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:15,010 Fahrenheit it seals both flat and 139 00:04:15,010 --> 00:04:20,039 Fahrenheit it seals both flat and distorted walls equally well tests of 140 00:04:20,039 --> 00:04:20,049 distorted walls equally well tests of 141 00:04:20,049 --> 00:04:22,620 distorted walls equally well tests of the braided ceramic rope seal identified 142 00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:22,630 the braided ceramic rope seal identified 143 00:04:22,630 --> 00:04:25,350 the braided ceramic rope seal identified key construction variables that can be 144 00:04:25,350 --> 00:04:25,360 key construction variables that can be 145 00:04:25,360 --> 00:04:28,400 key construction variables that can be optimized to meet the target flow goal 146 00:04:28,400 --> 00:04:28,410 optimized to meet the target flow goal 147 00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:31,020 optimized to meet the target flow goal high temperature seal technology 148 00:04:31,020 --> 00:04:31,030 high temperature seal technology 149 00:04:31,030 --> 00:04:33,390 high temperature seal technology developed under NASA is immediately 150 00:04:33,390 --> 00:04:33,400 developed under NASA is immediately 151 00:04:33,400 --> 00:04:36,090 developed under NASA is immediately beneficial to numerous aeronautical 152 00:04:36,090 --> 00:04:36,100 beneficial to numerous aeronautical 153 00:04:36,100 --> 00:04:41,340 beneficial to numerous aeronautical space and industrial applications high 154 00:04:41,340 --> 00:04:41,350 space and industrial applications high 155 00:04:41,350 --> 00:04:43,379 space and industrial applications high temperature seals will be required on 156 00:04:43,379 --> 00:04:43,389 temperature seals will be required on 157 00:04:43,389 --> 00:04:45,540 temperature seals will be required on advanced high-temperature combustors and 158 00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:45,550 advanced high-temperature combustors and 159 00:04:45,550 --> 00:04:48,090 advanced high-temperature combustors and nozzles being designed for future 160 00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:48,100 nozzles being designed for future 161 00:04:48,100 --> 00:04:50,279 nozzles being designed for future commercial and military supersonic 162 00:04:50,279 --> 00:04:50,289 commercial and military supersonic 163 00:04:50,289 --> 00:04:54,420 commercial and military supersonic aircraft NASA PI temperature seal 164 00:04:54,420 --> 00:04:54,430 aircraft NASA PI temperature seal 165 00:04:54,430 --> 00:04:56,969 aircraft NASA PI temperature seal technology can provide an extra margin 166 00:04:56,969 --> 00:04:56,979 technology can provide an extra margin 167 00:04:56,979 --> 00:04:59,550 technology can provide an extra margin of safety over the low-temperature o 168 00:04:59,550 --> 00:04:59,560 of safety over the low-temperature o 169 00:04:59,560 --> 00:05:02,159 of safety over the low-temperature o ring seals of the shuttles solid rocket 170 00:05:02,159 --> 00:05:02,169 ring seals of the shuttles solid rocket 171 00:05:02,169 --> 00:05:06,330 ring seals of the shuttles solid rocket motors and improve gap seals for the 172 00:05:06,330 --> 00:05:06,340 motors and improve gap seals for the 173 00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:07,710 motors and improve gap seals for the shuttles main engines 174 00:05:07,710 --> 00:05:07,720 shuttles main engines 175 00:05:07,720 --> 00:05:10,560 shuttles main engines the innovative seal work performed by 176 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:10,570 the innovative seal work performed by 177 00:05:10,570 --> 00:05:13,320 the innovative seal work performed by NASA Lewis under the NASA program has 178 00:05:13,320 --> 00:05:13,330 NASA Lewis under the NASA program has 179 00:05:13,330 --> 00:05:16,140 NASA Lewis under the NASA program has earned four US patents over the last two 180 00:05:16,140 --> 00:05:16,150 earned four US patents over the last two 181 00:05:16,150 --> 00:05:20,010 earned four US patents over the last two years while R&D magazine recognized the 182 00:05:20,010 --> 00:05:20,020 years while R&D magazine recognized the 183 00:05:20,020 --> 00:05:22,200 years while R&D magazine recognized the ceramic wafer seal as one of the most 184 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:22,210 ceramic wafer seal as one of the most 185 00:05:22,210 --> 00:05:24,560 ceramic wafer seal as one of the most significant new technical products of 186 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:24,570 significant new technical products of 187 00:05:24,570 --> 00:05:26,900 significant new technical products of 1990 188 00:05:26,900 --> 00:05:26,910 1990 189 00:05:26,910 --> 00:05:30,890 1990 NASA the National aerospace plane is 190 00:05:30,890 --> 00:05:30,900 NASA the National aerospace plane is 191 00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:33,620 NASA the National aerospace plane is serving as a national focus for 192 00:05:33,620 --> 00:05:33,630 serving as a national focus for 193 00:05:33,630 --> 00:05:36,200 serving as a national focus for advancing the state-of-the-art in access 194 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:36,210 advancing the state-of-the-art in access 195 00:05:36,210 --> 00:05:38,620 advancing the state-of-the-art in access to space and numerous supporting 196 00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:38,630 to space and numerous supporting 197 00:05:38,630 --> 00:06:25,540 to space and numerous supporting technologies 198 00:06:25,540 --> 00:06:25,550 199 00:06:25,550 --> 00:06:27,610 you